Series Resistance Formula: Rtotal = R₁ + R₂
Error Analysis:
- Matching Error: How closely the series combination matches your target
- RSS Error: Statistical error from component tolerances (√(ΔR₁² + ΔR₂²))
- Worst-Case Error: Maximum possible error (|ΔR₁| + |ΔR₂|)
- Total Effective Range: The actual possible range considering both matching error and component tolerances
Example: Target 1kΩ with 1% resistors → Best pair: 470Ω + 470Ω = 940Ω
Matching: -6%, RSS Tolerance: ±1.41% → Total range: -7.41% to -4.59% (925.9Ω to 954.1Ω)